Phd research proposal for environmental science

Phd research proposal for environmental science

PhD RESEARCH PROPOSAL (ENVIRONMENT) Topic Sustainable urbanization in Ghana: The role of integrated land use planning By FREDRICK AHENKORA BOAMAH 1. BACKGROUND OF STUDY Rapid urbanization is with an undisputable fact the most complex and important socio-economic phenomenon of the 20th blogger.comted Reading Time: 12 mins Environmental Science Phd Research Proposal is the most reliable writing service on the web. We can handle a wide range of assignments, as we have worked for more than a decade and gained a great experience in the sphere of essay writing/10() Your research proposal can be broken into the following key parts. First, it provides a review of the relevant literature (background section, ~ 2 pages in length) which should naturally lead into the second part: identifying the need for the proposed research (i.e., knowledge gap) to be summarized in a concise list of research objectives

Environmental Research Proposal Topics

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Log In with Facebook Log In with Google Sign Up with Apple. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free DOCX. Download Free PDF. Download PDF Download Full PDF Package This paper. A short summary of this paper. In the beginning of the third millennium, most third world countries faced a trend of high urbanization rates. According to Naessespecially in the developing countries, urban growth has taken a spot in an unsustainable manner, with an incidental degradation of the attribute of the environment and the haphazard conversion of the agricultural land into built-up areas within the cities Rana and Marwasta, This urbanization is an irreversible trend.

The challenges associated with urbanization is the inability to meet demand for infrastructure and services whilst facing economic challenges of large urban areas without the common benefits coupled with economic challenges Dodman et a. Problems associated with urbanization are inadequate access to drinking water, phd research proposal for environmental science, poor sanitation, a high demand for the acquisition of land for development which is usually obtained through unscrupulous means or dubious means, rapid urbanisation is providing chaotic scenes, environmental degradation, worsening poverty conditions, over-stretching the capacity of existing infrastructure, phd research proposal for environmental science, and exposing urbanites to environmental hazards particularly flooding Adarkwa ; Amoateng et al.

Residential housing and other commercial activities has taken over the agricultural land as a result of urbanization. McCann also stated that, anytime a country decides to develop its urban center, phd research proposal for environmental science, there is the phd research proposal for environmental science to have intense policy indications and attributes in order to exercise power over them.

Gyasi et al. For instance, in developing countries, rapid urbanization, phd research proposal for environmental science, coupled with changing climate, is frequently reported as compelling rural residents to migrate to cities and settle in areas that are highly prone to flooding Jha et al.

They further added that the fact of insufficient staff, tools and equipment in the agencies responsible for the management of urban lands therefore brings about indiscipline in land acquisition. Also Karikari opined that the insufficient staff is even unable to provide and produce adequate documents and record keeping which brings about high urbanization.

The increases in urban population proportion have an impact on physical urban areas Rana and Marwasta, Facing the growth of urban population and its activities continuously, the uncontrolled spread of urban areas requires some early anticipation, because it will generate a wide variety of negative impacts on many human life dimensions like environment, social and economic Glass, There is the need to adopt a proactive disaster management which requires participation from various organizations of governments, nongovernment, private sectors, and local communities Tingsanchali, In developing countries, the effects of flood are more harmful than in developed countries.

This makes it more necessary to make a system which can provide advance warning of flooding Kuantama et al. The urban dwellers are often exposed to localized floods by absence or inadequacy of drains, flooding of streams or major rivers, seasonal floods and landslides Action Aid, ; Dodman and Satterwaite, Roy concluded that the best way to incorporate sustainability with urbanisation is through defining a desirable state for an urban area and then finding ways to achieve that state all through the notion of urban sustainability.

This means that the economies of the developing countries will need to grow at a consistently high rate in order to cope with the rate of urbanization. They were normally treated as separate entities. Fekade stated that the existing urban management policies and practices are ill- prepared to meet the ever increasing demand for shelter and livable environment in the 21 st century.

Majority of the environmental problems are connected to rapid urbanization. Managers, planners and decision makers must understand the relation between nature and human activities. There is the need to understand the effect of urbanization on events that occur naturally in order to stop natural events from extending to natural disasters. According to United Nations7. Alberti et al, also stated that urbanization has an important influence on the cause of change in land, which does not only affect developed countries but also developing countries.

Kaya et al,stated that, the outcome of loss in important agricultural land is as the results of the fast space in industrialization and urbanization. The intense environmental effects are as a results of lack of competent use of land and the departure of agricultural land as a whole Sunar and Ozkan In many of these countries with weak urban planning institutions and high urban poverty levels see Cobbinah et al.

The need therefore arises for authorities to have a second look at providing housing with the aim of achieving reaping the benefits of sustainable urbanization.

Urbanization in developing countries like Ghana, if not tackled from the aspect of housing can be a very grave detriment to the society.

AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to understand the exploration, challenges and opportunities of integrated land use planning as a means of achieving sustainable urbanization. To examine and review the relationship between sustainability and urbanization, phd research proposal for environmental science.

To establish the underlying risk factors confronting integrated land use planning. To establish the underpinning factors confronting the integrated land use planning under sustainable urbanization.

To develop a framework for the successful adaptation of integrated land use planning as a means of sustainable urbanization. Urbanization can be seen as an opportunity phd research proposal for environmental science than a challenge. This is because urbanization goes hand in hand with development and if done well can promote the development of developing countries.

As indicated by Denzin and Lincoln a, research strategy therefore connects the researcher to accurate and specific methods and approaches for collecting and analyzing data. Data Sources and Sampling Techniques Both primary and secondary sources of data would be used for the project. The sources of primary data would be collected from stakeholders in the built environment like NADMO, Building Experts, Town and Country Planning, Ministry of Water Resource, Works and Housing, Ghana Real Estates Developers Association, Ghana Institute of Housing and through consultation with senior academics in Ghana and other African countries.

Other organisations and departments within the government sector and agencies whose work is related to planning and urbanization will afford the researcher the opportunity of appreciating the task of data collection and the interplay of institutional, economic and policy environments.

Sampling Design The sampling design to be used, will be the combination of stratified random, simple random and purposive sampling methods. Stratified random sampling is the act of subdividing the entire population into strata and the researcher drawing samples randomly from each phd research proposal for environmental science Neuman A simple random sampling is where every individual in the sampling frame has an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample McGrew and Monroe, With purposive sampling, specific units are intentionally selected to form part of the sample.

Purposive sampling method would be adopted for conducting and administering the interviews and questionnaires respectively.

The reliability of data collected through primary sources would be tested using the Cronch Alpha which is a statistical tool Girden and Kabacoff, Research Approach In order to conduct a thorough research, the aims and objectives would be addressed by adopting the appropriate epistemological and ontological approach to help in the collection of the required data followed by the analysis and interpretation of the findings. Due to the nature of the research, there would be a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methodological approach.

Blaikie stated that data obtained quantitatively commonly begin in words which are converted into numeric data, subjected into different levels of statistical manipulation and are described back in both numbers and words that is from words to numbers and back to words, phd research proposal for environmental science.

The qualitative research method is to establish an appreciation of the existing sustainable disaster mitigation Opperman, An overview of the various methods that would be adopted to realize the aim of the research are as follows: Objective 1: To examine and review the relationship between sustainability and urbanization. Examining and review of extensive literature from academic journals, articles, newsletter, and textbooks, examine case studies and informal discussions with notable building experts to establish a relationship between sustainability and urbanization Objective 2: To establish the underlying risk factors confronting integrated land use planning Qualitative and quantitative approach will be used to gather information from the built environment professionals in government agencies, public and private institutions, construction stakeholders in developing countries to ascertain the risk factors in adopting an integrated land use planning for in urban centers.

The risk factors would be pitched against a similar situation in some selected developed countries and probable solution would be proposed. Again review of literature, case studies and discussions with stakeholders would be utilized to explore the underpinning factors confronting the integrated land use planning in the urban centers.

Objective 4: To develop a framework for the successful adaptation of integrated land use planning as a means of sustainable urbanization The findings from comprehensive literature review, case studies, structured questionnaires survey would be would be triangulated to develop a best practice framework for a successful sustainable urbanization using integrated land use planning. and Lamond J. Cities and Flooding, A Guide To Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management For The 21st Century.

Action Aid, phd research proposal for environmental science, Climate Change, Urban Flooding and the Rights of the Urban Poor Phd research proposal for environmental science Africa, phd research proposal for environmental science. Key Finding from Six African Cities, A Report by Action Aid October pdf Alberti, M. Marzluff, E. Shulenberger, G. Bradley, C. Ryan, and C. Integrating Humans Into Ecology: Opportunities And Challenges For Urban Ecology.

BioScience, 53 12 Durand, J. and Lee, E. Patterns of urbanization in Latin America. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 43 4pp. Geology Labs cfm Gyasi E. A, Osei K, Kranjac-Berisavljevic and Von Vordzogbe.

Land Management in Ghana. and Curran, P. Monitoring urban growth on the European side of Istanbul metropolitan area: A case study. Phd research proposal for environmental science Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation.

Karikari I. International Federation of Surveyors. McCann, phd research proposal for environmental science, E. McCann, P. Globalisation, multinationals and the BRIICS countries, in Lattimore, R. Globalisation and emerging economies. Paris: OECD, pp.

McGrew, J. Introduction to Statistical Problems Solving in Geography, 2nd edition.

PhD research proposal - 5 *essential* elements to make it AWESOME

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Writing the proposal will help you identify your research ideas, resources, mentors, and constraints, e.g., time, budget, and facilities. Write your proposal as early as possible so you can seek feedback, revise your proposal, and then start and complete your research! The proposal is Environmental Science Phd Research Proposal is the most reliable writing service on the web. We can handle a wide range of assignments, as we have worked for more than a decade and gained a great experience in the sphere of essay writing/10() Your research proposal can be broken into the following key parts. First, it provides a review of the relevant literature (background section, ~ 2 pages in length) which should naturally lead into the second part: identifying the need for the proposed research (i.e., knowledge gap) to be summarized in a concise list of research objectives