Jun 18, · 7. Examples of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in the Classroom. Most teachers expect you to use examples in your essays. So, let’s take a look at some examples of each of Maslow’s needs in education: a) Examples of Maslow’s Physiological Needs in the Classroom. Food – If a child comes to class hungry, they may not be in a fit state to study Dec 17, · Summary: Online collaborative learning theory, or OCL, is a form of constructivist teaching that takes the form of instructor-led group learning online. In OCL, students are encouraged to collaboratively solve problems through discourse instead of memorizing correct answers. The teacher plays a crucial role as a facilitator as well as a member of the knowledge community under study Nov 19, · The id contains all of the life and death instincts, which Freud believed help compel behavior. This aspect of personality does not change as people grow older. It continues to be infantile, instinctive, and primal. It isn't in touch with reality or logic or social norms. It strives only to satisfy an individual's most basic urges and needs
Behavioral Management Theories | Human Resources Management
Job satisfaction or employee satisfaction is a measure of workers' contentedness with their job, whether they like the job or individual aspects or facets of jobs, such as nature of work or supervision.
One of the most widely used definitions in organizational research is that of Edwin A. Lockewho defines job satisfaction as "a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences" p, maslow hierarchy of needs essay. It is assessed at both the global level whether the individual is satisfied with the job overallor at the facet level whether the individual is satisfied with different aspects of the job.
Hulin and Judge have noted that job satisfaction includes multidimensional psychological responses to an individual's job, and that these personal responses have cognitive evaluativeaffective or emotionaland behavioral components, maslow hierarchy of needs essay.
Affective job satisfaction is a subjective construct representing an emotional feeling individuals have about their job. Cognitive job satisfaction is a more objective and logical evaluation of various facets of a job. Cognitive job satisfaction can be unidimensional if it comprises evaluation of just one facet of a job, such as pay maslow hierarchy of needs essay maternity leave, or multidimensional if two or more facets of a job are simultaneously evaluated.
Cognitive job satisfaction does not assess the degree of pleasure or happiness that arises from specific job facets, but rather gauges the extent to which those job facets are judged by the job holder to be satisfactory in comparison with objectives they themselves set or with other jobs.
While cognitive job satisfaction might help to bring about affective job satisfaction, the two constructs are distinct, not necessarily directly related, and have different antecedents and consequences. Job satisfaction can also be seen within the broader context of the range of issues which affect an individual's experience of work, or their quality of working life.
Job satisfaction can be understood in terms of its relationships with other key factors, such as general well-being, stress at work, control at work, home-work interface, and working conditions. The assessment of job satisfaction through employee anonymous surveys became commonplace in the s. They also note that in Hoppock [12] conducted a study that focused explicitly on job satisfaction that is affected by both the nature of the job and relationships with coworkers and supervisors.
Edwin A. The main premise of this theory is that satisfaction is determined by a discrepancy between what one wants in a job and what one has in a job. Further, the theory states that how much one values a given facet of work e. When a person values a particular facet of a job, his satisfaction is more greatly impacted both positively when expectations are met and negatively when expectations are not metcompared to one who doesn't value that facet.
To illustrate, maslow hierarchy of needs essay, if Employee A values autonomy in the workplace and Employee B is indifferent about autonomy, then Employee A would be more satisfied in a position that offers a high degree of autonomy and less satisfied in a position with little or no autonomy compared to Employee B.
This theory also states that too much of a particular facet will produce stronger feelings of dissatisfaction the more a worker values that facet. The dispositional approach suggests that individuals vary in their tendency to be satisfied with their jobs, in other words, job satisfaction is to some extent an individual trait. A significant model that narrowed the scope of the dispositional approach was the Core Self-evaluations Modelproposed maslow hierarchy of needs essay Timothy A.
Judge, Edwin A. Locke, and Cathy C. Durham in maslow hierarchy of needs essay argued that there are four Core Self-evaluations that determine one's disposition towards job satisfaction: self-esteemgeneral self-efficacylocus of controland neuroticism. Finally, lower levels of neuroticism lead to higher job satisfaction. Equity Theory shows how a person views fairness in regard to social relationships such as with an employer. They then compare this ratio to the ratio of other people in deciding whether they have an equitable relationship.
Maslow hierarchy of needs essay example, consider two employees who work the same job and receive the same pay and benefits. If one individual gets a pay raise for doing the same work as the other, then the less benefited individual will become distressed in his workplace.
If, on the other hand, both individuals get pay raises and new responsibilities, then the feeling of equity will be maintained. These three types are benevolent, maslow hierarchy of needs essay sensitive, and entitled. The level by each type affects motivationjob satisfaction, and job performance. The concept of discrepancy theory is to explain the ultimate source of anxiety and dejection.
They will also maslow hierarchy of needs essay dejection due to not being able to achieve their hopes and aspirations. According to this theory, all individuals will learn what their obligations and responsibilities are for a particular function, and if they fail to fulfill those obligations then they are punished. Over time, these duties and obligations consolidate to form an abstracted set of principles, designated as a self-guide. These achievements and aspirations also form an abstracted set of principles, maslow hierarchy of needs essay, referred to as the ideal self guide.
An employee's motivation to work is continually related to job satisfaction of a subordinate. Motivating factors are those aspects of the job that make people want to perform, and provide people with satisfaction, for example achievement in work, recognition, promotion opportunities.
Herzberg's model has stimulated much research. The five maslow hierarchy of needs essay job characteristics can be combined to form a motivating potential score MPS for a job, which can be used as an index of how likely a job is to affect an employee's attitudes and behaviors. Not everyone is equally affected by the MPS of a job. People who are high in growth need strength the desire for autonomy, challenge and development of new skills on the job are particularly affected by job characteristics.
One of the most important aspects of an individual's work in a modern organization concerns the management of communication demands that he or she encounters on the job. Individuals in an organization can experience communication over-load and communication under- load which can affect their level of job satisfaction. According to the ideas of communication over-load and under-load, if an individual does not receive enough input on the maslow hierarchy of needs essay or is unsuccessful in processing these inputs, the individual is more likely to become dissatisfied, aggravated, and unhappy with their work which leads to a low level of job satisfaction.
Superior-subordinate communication is an maslow hierarchy of needs essay influence on job satisfaction in the workplace. The way in which subordinates perceive a supervisor's behavior can positively or negatively influence job satisfaction. Communication behavior such as facial expression, eye contact, vocal expression, and body movement is crucial to the superior-subordinate relationship Teven, p.
Nonverbal messages play a central role in interpersonal interactions with respect to impression formation, maslow hierarchy of needs essay, deception, attraction, social influence, and emotional. The manner in which supervisors communicate with their subordinates non-verbally may be more important than the verbal content Teven, p. Individuals who dislike and think negatively about their supervisor are less willing to communicate or have motivation to work whereas individuals who like and think positively of their supervisor are more likely to communicate and are satisfied with their job and work environment.
A supervisor who uses nonverbal immediacy, friendliness, and open communication lines is more likely to receive positive feedback and high job satisfaction from a subordinate.
Conversely, a supervisor who is antisocial, unfriendly, and unwilling to communicate will naturally receive negative feedback and create low job satisfaction in their subordinates in the workplace. A Watson Wyatt Worldwide study identified a positive outcome between a collegical and flexible work environment and an increase in shareholder value, maslow hierarchy of needs essay.
Suggesting that employee satisfaction is directly related to financial gain. It is possible that successful workers enjoy working at successful companies, however, the Watson Wyatt Worldwide Human Capital Index study claims that effective human resources practices, such as employee recognition programs, lead to positive financial outcomes more often than positive financial outcomes lead to good practices.
Employee recognition is not only about gifts and points. It's about changing the corporate culture in order to meet goals and initiatives and most importantly to connect employees to the company's core values and beliefs. Strategic employee recognition is seen as the most important program not only to improve employee retention and motivation but also to positively influence the financial situation.
However, innovation is not so easy to achieve. A CEO cannot just order it, and so it will be. You have to carefully manage an organization so that, over time, innovations will emerge.
Mood and emotions at work are related to job satisfaction. Moods tend to be longer lasting but maslow hierarchy of needs essay weaker states of uncertain origin, while emotions are often more intense, short-lived and have a clear object or cause. Some research suggests moods are related to overall job satisfaction. Frequency of experiencing net positive emotion will be a better predictor of overall job satisfaction than will intensity of positive emotion when it is experienced.
Emotion work or emotion management refers to various types of efforts to manage emotional states and displays.
Emotion management includes all of the conscious and unconscious efforts to increase, maintain, maslow hierarchy of needs essay, or decrease one or more components of an emotion. Although early studies of the consequences of emotional work emphasized its harmful effects on workers, studies of workers in a variety of occupations suggest that the consequences of emotional work are not uniformly negative. It was found that suppression of unpleasant emotions decreases job satisfaction and the amplification of pleasant emotions increases job satisfaction.
The influence that genetics has had on a variety of individual differences is well documented. One experiment used sets of monozygotic twins, maslow hierarchy of needs essay, reared apart, to test for the existence of genetic influence on job satisfaction. Genetic heritability has also suggested for several of the job characteristics measured in the experiment, such as complexity level, maslow hierarchy of needs essay, motor skill requirements, and physical demands.
Some research suggests an association between personality and job satisfaction. Negative affectivity is related strongly to the personality trait of neuroticism. Individuals high in negative affectivity are more prone to experience less job satisfaction. Positive affectivity is related strongly to the personality trait of extraversion. Those high in positive affectivity are more prone to be satisfied in most dimensions of their life, including their job, maslow hierarchy of needs essay.
Differences in affectivity likely impact how individuals will perceive objective job circumstances like pay and working conditions, thus affecting their satisfaction in that job. There are two personality factors related to job satisfaction, alienation and locus of control. Employees who have an internal locus of control and feel less alienated are more likely to experience job satisfaction, job involvement and organizational commitment.
A meta-analysis of studies of job satisfaction concluded that high satisfaction was positively associated with internal locus of control. First, it is a phenomenological event, meaning that people are happy when they subjectively believe themselves to be so. Second, well-being involves some emotional conditions. Particularly, psychologically well people are more prone to experience positive emotions and less prone to experience negative emotions. Third, maslow hierarchy of needs essay, well-being refers to one's life as a whole.
It is a global evaluation. PWB in the workplace plays an important role in determining job satisfaction and has attracted much research attention in recent years. Ultimately, to better understand job satisfaction and its close relative, job performanceit is important to take into account an individual's PWB.
The majority of job satisfaction measures are self-reports and based on multi-item scales. Several measures have been developed over the years, maslow hierarchy of needs essay, although they vary in terms of how carefully and distinctively they are conceptualized with respect to affective or cognitive job satisfaction, maslow hierarchy of needs essay.
They also vary in terms of the extent and rigour of their psychometric validation. The Brief Index of Affective Maslow hierarchy of needs essay Satisfaction BIAJS is a 4-item, overtly affective as opposed to cognitive, measure of overall affective job satisfaction. The BIAJS differs from other job satisfaction measures in being comprehensively validated not just for internal consistency reliability, temporal stability, maslow hierarchy of needs essay, convergent and criterion-related validities, but also for cross-population invariance by nationality, job level, and job type.
Reported internal consistency reliabilities range between. The Job Descriptive Index JDI[57] is a specifically cognitive job satisfaction measure.
Why Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs Matters
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Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often displayed as a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs, while the more complex needs are located at the top of the In his paper “A Theory of Human Motivation,” psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed what is considered the classic theory of needs: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. [5] He proposed that people are motivated by five categories of needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization Jun 18, · 7. Examples of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in the Classroom. Most teachers expect you to use examples in your essays. So, let’s take a look at some examples of each of Maslow’s needs in education: a) Examples of Maslow’s Physiological Needs in the Classroom. Food – If a child comes to class hungry, they may not be in a fit state to study
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