We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow blogger.com more Your thesis should indicate the point of the discussion. If your assignment is to write a paper on kinship systems, using your own family as an example, you might come up with either of these two thesis statements: My family is an extended family. This is a weak thesis because it This article is a complement to “A Template for Non-Religious-Based Discussions Against Euthanasia” by Melissa Harintho, Nathaniel Bloodworth, and E. Wesley Ely which appeared in the February Linacre blogger.com we build upon Daniel Sulmasy's opening and closing arguments from the Intelligence Squared debate on legalizing assisted suicide, supplemented by other non-faith
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Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. Wesley Ely which appeared in the February Linacre Quarterly. In its first issue ofeuthanasia thesis paper, The Linacre Quarterly published the text of a secular debate held at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Bloodworth et al. As that paper was offered to engender dialog, it was hoped that other reflections would follow.
As it happened, around the same time that the Bloodworth publication was being prepared, a debate was held by Intelligence Squared U. Before getting into Doctor Sulmasy's debate points, it is worthwhile to recount some points raised in the Bloodworth article Bloodworth et al. While the debate points presented at Vanderbilt were well-received, common criticisms to some of the assertions made in that piece are euthanasia thesis paper consideration.
For example, one of the main bases for Doctor Ely's argument against physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia involved an appeal to natural law. Euthanasia thesis paper knowledge of natural law is discernible by reason and so it is euthanasia thesis paper fundamentally theistic.
While it is true that the Catholic Church in particular has made prominent use of natural law in formulating its ethical positions, natural law is not essentially rooted in any faith tradition see, for example, Anderson ; Finnis ; Goyette, Latkovic, and Myers ; McInerny ; Veatch Nonetheless, appeal to natural law is commonly mistaken as an appeal to theism, which many in a secular society dismiss out of hand because of this misperception, euthanasia thesis paper.
These critics often forget the use of natural law reasoning by the founding fathers of the United States. The Vanderbilt debate, for instance, referenced the Declaration of Independence, which is a quintessentially natural law-based set of governing principles.
Lastly, the references in that debate to C. Lewis from The Abolition of Man were placed strategically and without necessary dependence on Lewis's explicit arguments for theism as the ground of the natural law, euthanasia thesis paper, and hence morality. Lewis's approach leaves natural law vulnerable to the charge of theism by those who do not accept an ultimate or transcendent justice or goodness as the rule and measure of human actions.
Lewis's position regarding the theistic basis of natural law is not, euthanasia thesis paper, however, widely accepted by natural law scholars, the authors of this paper, or the Catholic Church. The Bloodworth article euthanasia thesis paper, as billed, a mere starting point.
They discerned optimal premises for making the case against physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia to avowed non-theistic practitioners of medicine.
It is thus our privilege to publish here Doctor Sulmasy's points to continue building the case towards truth in respecting human life nearing its end in the context of the practice of the vocation of medicine.
In the tradition of St. Thomas, we take four strong arguments for PAS that arose during the debate patient autonomy, euthanasia thesis paper, no slippery slope, unalleviated pain, physician's duty and argue against them, euthanasia thesis paper. We base our arguments in reason, with the conviction that the truth in a principle can be discerned and its implications drawn out to a logical conclusion, euthanasia thesis paper, and an error can be shown to have a contradiction at its heart.
I am a physician. Part of my job is to help people die in comfort and with dignity. But I do not want to help you, or your daughter, or your uncle commit suicide. You should not want me to. I urge you to oppose euthanasia thesis paper suicide: it represents bad ethical reasoning, euthanasia thesis paper medicine, and bad policy.
I am going to concentrate on the first of these lines of argument. Ilora will take up the latter two. We strongly support the right of patients to refuse treatments and believe physicians have a duty to treat pain and other symptoms, even at the risk of hastening death. But empowering physicians to assist patients with suicide is quite another matter—striking at the heart not just of medical ethics, but at the core of ethics itself. That is because the very idea of interpersonal ethics depends upon our mutual recognition of each other's equal independent worth, the value we have simply because we are human.
Some would have you believe that morality depends upon equal interests usually defined by our preferences and advance utilitarian arguments based on that assumption.
But which is morally more important, people or their interests? As Aristotle observed, small errors at the beginning of an argument lead to large errors at the end. But it also follows that active euthanasia ought to be permitted.
It also follows that the severely demented can be euthanized once they no longer have interests. It also follows that infanticide ought to be permitted for infants with congenital illness, euthanasia thesis paper.
Many would see these euthanasia thesis paper as frightful, but this is not just a slippery slope. They all follow logically from arguing for assisted suicide on the basis of maximizing personal interests. So if you do not believe in euthanasia for severely disabled children or the demented, you might want to re-think your support for assisted suicide.
At least if you want to be euthanasia thesis paper. People often argue that they need assisted suicide to preserve their dignity, but that word euthanasia thesis paper at least two senses, euthanasia thesis paper. Proponents use the euthanasia thesis paper in an attributed sense to denote the value others confer on them or the value they confer on themselves. But there is a deeper, intrinsic sense of dignity. Human dignity ultimately rests not on a person's interests, but on the value of the person whose interests they are; and the value of the person is infinite.
I do not need to ask you what your preferences are to know that you have incalculable worth, simply because you are human, euthanasia thesis paper. This some-bodiness, this intrinsic worth or dignity, was at the heart of the civil rights movement. It does not matter what a person looks like, how productive the person might be, how others view that person, or even how that person may have come to view herself, euthanasia thesis paper. What matters is that everybody, black or white, healthy or sick, is a somebody.
Assisted suicide and euthanasia require us to accept that it is morally permissible to act with the specific intention-in-acting of making a somebody into a nobodyi. Intentions, not just outcomes, matter in ethics, euthanasia thesis paper. Intending that a somebody be turned into a nobody violates the fundamental basis of all of interpersonal ethics—the intrinsic dignity of the human.
Our society worships independence, youth, and beauty, euthanasia thesis paper. Yet we know that illness and aging often bring dependence and disfigurement. The terminally ill, euthanasia thesis paper, especially, need to be reminded of their value, their intrinsic dignity, at a time of fierce doubt. They need to know that their ultimate value does not depend upon their appearance, productivity, or independence. You see, physician-assisted suicide flips the default switch, euthanasia thesis paper.
Why haven't you gotten rid of yourself yet? As a physician who cares for dying patients, however, euthanasia thesis paper, I am more fearful of the burden this question imposes on the many who might otherwise choose to livethan the modest restriction imposed on a few, when physician-assisted suicide is illegal.
Assisted suicide should not be necessary. Pain and other symptoms euthanasia thesis paper almost always be alleviated. As evidence, consider that pain or other symptoms rarely come up as reasons for assisted suicide. The top reasons are: fear of being a burden and wanting to be in control Oregon Public Health Division5. For euthanasia thesis paper, we do not permit persons to drive when drunk, or to freely sell themselves into slavery. Paradoxically, in physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia, patients turn the control over to physicians, who assess their eligibility and provide the means.
Further, death obliterates all liberty. Therefore, saying that respect for liberty justifies the obliteration of liberty actually undermines the value we place on human freedom.
I have been on talk shows and received call-in questions from patients who ask how I can be opposed to physician-assisted suicide when they are getting sick from chemotherapy, suffering complications from the big IV they have in their neck, have intense pain, and are spending more time in the hospital than outside it.
But I ask them, why are you still getting chemotherapy? Why not have the IV removed? Why not ask for hospice or palliative care to control your pain?
Why not just stay home? You should have no need for assisted suicide, euthanasia thesis paper. But we are all human euthanasia thesis paper, interdependent, and connected in bonds of mutual respect and support.
Suicide is always an act of communication and has profound interpersonal implications. Many persons who raise the question of suicide are really testing the waters, asking us if we care enough to try to stop them. And when the suicide happens, physicians and families must live for the rest of their lives with fact that they did not try euthanasia thesis paper intervene. We should not construct a society that makes assisted suicide easy or common.
We should re-direct our energies towards making sure that all patients get the kind of care we all want—helping us live to the fullest even as we are dying. Vote for that kind of high quality, compassionate care at the end of life, and the sort of moral world that makes it possible, by voting No on physician-assisted suicide.
Doctors Sulmasy and Finlay won the debate according to its rules, by persuading the most members of the live audience to change their minds. While the live audience in New York City began the debate with 65 percent in favor of legalizing assisted suicide, euthanasia thesis paper, only 10 percent opposed, and 25 percent undecided, after the debate, 67 percent were in favor but 22 percent were opposed to legalization. The unofficial online polling changed from 5 percent opposed to legalization before the debate to 51 percent opposed as of March 21, See the Results tab at Intelligence Squared a.
We take care not to frame them within a faith-based context. While we believe that faith-based arguments are strong, our intention in arguing from reason is that all too many people are quickly dismissive of faith-based arguments. Our aim is to advance the conversation from this perspective. As noted earlier, the hope is to have new and other iterations of the pro-life arguments readily available to reach as broad a swath of people as possible, believers and non-believers alike.
Certainly everyone should strive not to be offensive to others, but whether one is offended or not, partly depends upon the person potentially offended. To offend someone is to attack, violate, or cause resentful displeasure to a person.
This presupposes that the one offended recognizes the attack, violation, or resentment, and euthanasia thesis paper the argument vis-à-vis assisted suicide is that when euthanasia thesis paper willfully kills oneself, or requests to be killed, every other human being should rightfully be offended.
Because subsumed in the action of one killing oneself or requesting to be killed is the implied announcement that one's life human life is somehow not as valuable as it otherwise euthanasia thesis paper be if one were not in a position to seek one's death For to value life contradicts the act of killing, and if one values life, one does not commit suicide or ask to be killed.
To assert that one values human life, and at the same time to commit suicide is contradictory and illogical. So, euthanasia thesis paper, to euthanasia thesis paper oneself willfully, i. And, because we are all human beings, therefore, every human being is or should be resentful of his or her life being devalued. Now some may grant that killing oneself is an expression of devaluing life, but only that individual person's life, and euthanasia thesis paper one else's, arguing therefore, that there is no basis for one's willful suicide or its request to be offensive to anyone else.
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